JavaFX nodes
There are large amount of classes in JavaFX arranged in a hierarchy starting with a top level class called, Node. There are a number of layout classes that all work differently, such as BorderPane, ScrollPane, HBox, VBox, GridPane and StackPane which can all be embedded inside of each other to create exactly the layout you want.
There are classes to display images, text or text and images together. ListView, TreeView and TableView allow collections of data to be displayed on screen (and edited) in highly customizable ways.
For user input, you can choose from TextField, ComboBox, ChoiceBox, Spinner, Checkbox, RadioButton, Buttons and ToggleButtons.
All of these Nodes have a large number of methods and properties for controlling their presentation and how they act. Learning how to use them and configure them can be a daunting task. Luckily, most of the tutorials on the web seem to focus on this aspect of JavaFX, so help is easy to find.
The Nodes:
Introduction to Layout Classes
A basic guide to the layout classes in JavaFX and how to use them effectively
All About TextFormatter
The hidden element that allows you to customize TextField and TextArea to accept and handle data types other than String
All About Image and ImageView
Image and ImageView are the two classes you’ll need to know in order to be able to put images into your layouts.
Introduction to TableView and ListView
A set of articles about how to use the JavaFX tools to create lists and tables in your layouts.